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In recent years, the number of diabetic patients has gradually increased, and the number of patients with diabetic foot has also increased. Diabetic foot has a high rate of disability and death, seriously affects the patients' quality of life, shortens life expectancy, and brings heavy social burden. The current treatment methods for diabetic foot are insufficient. The concepts and methods of tissue engineering provide new thoughts and means for the treatment of diabetic foot. This article introduces the pathogenesis of diabetic foot wounds, the factors leading to non-healing of diabetic foot, the applications of functional hydrogel dressings in the treatment of diabetic foot and their technical methods of functional hydrogel dressings for treating skin wounds in diabetic animals, and the future development direction of functional hydrogel dressing for treating diabetic foot wounds is prospected.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bandages , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic Foot/therapy , Hydrogels , Quality of Life , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Objective: To summarize the different cardiac shunt presentation in right heart contrast echocardiography and to clarify its clinical value for diagnosing the patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 102 patients who received right heart contrast echocardiography in our hospital from 2006 to 2014. The contrast media was the hand-vibrated mixture of 9 ml 50% glucose solution with 1 ml air. Results: There were 49/102 patients with abnormal blood shunt detected including 8 patients of atrial septal defect (ASD) with right to left or dual shunt, 7 of ASD with left to right shunt, 9 of patent foramen ovale (PFO) with functional right to left shunt, 13 of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) combining pulmonary arterial hypertension, 3 of pulmonary arteriovenous ifstula (PAVF), 9 patients with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) and 8 of them drain to coronary vein sinus, 1 drain to left atrium. Conclusion: Right heart contrast echocardiography may simply and effectively detect abnormal blood shunt in patients combining pulmonary arterial hypertension and improve the diagnostic accuracy of CHD.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a quantitative method of simultaneously determination of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, mangiferin, swertianolin, isoorientin, 1,8-drihydroxy-3-methoxy-xthanone in Swertia from Qinghai province and Sichuan province by HPLC.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The samples were separated on the column of Kromasil C18 (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) which eluted with methanol and water (content 0.02% phosphoric acid). The ratio of methanol increased from 20% to 80% during 20-50 min, and from 80% to 100% during 50-60 min, with detected wavelength 254 nm, flow rate at 1 mL x min(-1), column temperature 35 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were base-isolated, the linear ranges of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, mangiferin, 4-swertianolin, 5-isoorientin, 1,8-drihydroxy-3-methoxy-xthanone were excellent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method was rapid and precise, and can be use for controlling medicinal materials quality.</p>
Subject(s)
China , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Glucosides , Iridoid Glucosides , Iridoids , Luteolin , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Pyrans , Pyrones , Quality Control , Reproducibility of Results , Swertia , Chemistry , XanthonesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To constitute HPLC fingerprint of the methanol extract from Swertia mussotii grown in Sichuan Province.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>RP-HPLC, methanol and water including 0.02% acid as mobile phase, gradient elution, flow rate 1.0 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was 260 nm, temperature was 30 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The RSD values of peak area and retention time of common peaks in precision, repeatability and stability were lower than 5.0%, respectively, similarity was over 0.805 in S. mussotii collected from 10 different habitats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All results above exhibit that this method is simple, practicable, and reliable as a standard method in controlling the quality of S. mussotii.</p>
Subject(s)
China , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Quality Control , Reproducibility of Results , Swertia , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The protection rate of inoculation with BCG vaccine is only 50 percent, and most of patients with tuberculosis had a history of BCG vaccine inoculation. Adenosine (ADO) has an immunomodulating effect; it promotes immune reaction by increasing number of macrophage and enhancing phagocytosis. The present study was designed to investigate if combined use of adenosine with BCG enhances the anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect of macrophage in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty BALB/C mice were divided randomly into 3 groups: BCG group (n = 21), BCG plus ADO group (n = 21) and control group (n = 8). The mice in BCG and BCG plus ADO groups were inoculated with 0.1 ml BCG intradermally and the mice in BCG plus ADO group were injected intraperitoneally with ADO 30 mg/(kg.d) for 5 days. The mice in BCG group and control group were injected with NS 0.1 ml/d for 5 days. Six weeks after the last injection, all mice were challenged with intravenous 1 x 10(6) CFU human Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulent strain. After challenging, lung and spleen specimens were taken at the 10th, 20th and 30th days from the mice of BCG and BCG plus ADO groups and at the 30th day from mice in control group. The pathological examinations of lung and spleen sections were performed after HE staining and acid-fast staining, and detection of cell apoptosis was also performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Consolidation with neutrophil infiltration was found in most of the lung tissue taken at the day 30; there were a lot of tuberculous granulomas and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs of control group. The alveolar septum in BCG gradually became wide and in interstitium lymphocyte infiltration dominated, and there were less tuberculous granulomas but there were large number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs from 10th to 30th days after challenging. The widening of alveolar septum and consolidation of lung tissue in BCG plus ADO group became milder with monocytes infiltration, and there were few tuberculosis granulomas and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs from 10th to 30th days after challenging.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ADO could increase the number of monocyte-macrophages and promoted anti-bacterial effects of these cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Adenosine , Allergy and Immunology , BCG Vaccine , Allergy and Immunology , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Therapy, Combination , Injections, Intradermal , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Macrophages , Allergy and Immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Allergy and Immunology , Neutrophil Infiltration , Phagocytosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment of infants with cytomegalovirus(CMV)pneumonia.Methods The clinical and auxiliary examination data of 24 patients with CMV pneumonia,which were diagnosed by detection of serum CMV-IgM used enzyme immunodot technique.All patients were treated with ganciclovir (GCV).Results The most common clinical manifestations of CMV pneumonia were cough,breathlessness,fever,crackles and wheezing rale.Chest X-ray findings predominately revealed increased and thickened bilateral lung markings and patchy areas of increased opacity in both lungs.Sixteen cases were cured,8 cases improved.Conclusions Clinical manifestations of infant CMV pneumonia lack specificity.The presence of serum CMV-IgM antibody is a laboratory diagnostic evidence.GCV is the best choice of drug in treatment of infants with CMV pneumonia.